takpay-accounting

What is a tax roadmap and how does it help business owners? - News

takpay-accounting — Tue, 27 Sep 2022 21:00:01 GMT

What is a tax roadmap and how does it help business owners?
A tax roadmap can, in fact, be a kind of program analysis that helps business owners and business owners to assess the financial status of their business from a tax perspective.

What is a withholding tax and to what is it paid? - News

takpay-accounting — Tue, 27 Sep 2022 21:21:10 GMT

What is a withholding tax and to what is it paid?
It is one of the types of taxes that the duty to pay to the country's tax organization, according to the law, is the responsibility of a person (natural or legal) other than the person subject to payment.

Familiarity with the tax of newly established companies and how to calculate it - News

takpay-accounting — Tue, 27 Sep 2022 21:46:00 GMT

Familiarity with the tax of newly established companies and how to calculate it
One of the most important rules that small and large business owners need to pay attention to is tax rules.

VAT certificate - News

takpay-accounting — Tue, 27 Sep 2022 21:50:19 GMT

VAT certificate
VAT is a general or indirect tax levied by the government in recent years.

- about us

takpay-accounting — Tue, 15 Dec 2015 05:45:32 GMT

What is Takpay Accounting's service? - Faq

takpay-accounting — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 17:11:46 GMT

What is Takpay Accounting's service?

Where is the best accounting firm? - Faq

takpay-accounting — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 17:26:55 GMT

Where is the best accounting firm?

How to work with your accounting company? - Faq

takpay-accounting — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 17:27:50 GMT

How to work with your accounting company?

Do you have an accountant in all guilds? - Faq

takpay-accounting — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 17:28:44 GMT

Do you have an accountant in all guilds?

What is tax advice and defense like? - Faq

takpay-accounting — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 17:30:08 GMT

What is tax advice and defense like?

Certificate & Awards - Permissions

takpay-accounting — Tue, 15 Dec 2015 00:23:33 GMT

Certificate & Awards

- Agencies

takpay-accounting — Fri, 18 Dec 2015 01:34:26 GMT

Management accounting support - Management accounting support

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 06:41:31 GMT

Management accounting support

What is Management Accounting?

Accounting Management is the process of analyzing, interpreting, and categorizing the various accounting information of an organization that is used by the manager to plan, decide, and evaluate an organization. In fact, one of the most important accounting services is cost accounting or management accounting.

History of Management Accounting

Management accounting is one of the important trends in accounting in terms of labor market and income level. According to Johnson and Kaplan, the peak period of management accounting flourished from 1825 to 1925, which was halted due to the lack of new management accounting ideas and techniques after 1925, when it was at its peak.

Then, after the passage of time, management accounting was able to be very profitable for organizations and achieve great success. In fact, management accounting evolved to change the needs of organizations, and new techniques in management accounting emerged.

Management accounting concepts

Due to the importance and practicality of management accounting, familiarity with the concepts of management accounting is essential for the greater efficiency of all accountants and auditors; In this section, we introduce some practical and important concepts of management accounting.

One of the most important concepts in the field of management accounting is complete mastery in creating reports, which means that the person doing the work of management accounting must provide accurate and complete reports with a strong articulation so that the manager can make the most of it. If you want to get acquainted with more concepts in this field, using accounting software or contacting management accounting professionals will help you a lot.

Benefits of Management Accounting

You may be wondering what are the benefits of management accounting? In answer to this question, we must say that management accounting pursues a main goal, which is to provide reports and help the manager to improve and develop the organization, in fact, these financial reports help to optimize financial decisions. One of the most important benefits of management accounting is performance appraisal, meaning that all accounting matters are evaluated and reported to the manager.

Risk management - Risk management

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 06:35:46 GMT

Risk management

What is risk management? Definitions, standards and processes

First, we quickly define risk management by a reputable international standard body:

"[Systematic use of policies, procedures for communication and consulting activities, background and assessment, treatment, monitoring, review, recording and reporting of risk."

- ISO 31000 (according to risk management instructions)

Therefore, risk management only acknowledges that risk is occurring, and takes steps to ensure that it is fully prepared. Basically, this is a management strategy similar to managing business processes or other management systems such as quality.

There are many ways to successfully implement Risk Management. The goals of any risk management program revolve around identifying, understanding, and preparing for the types of risks, and potential events that deviate from the expected outcome of business operations. In simpler terms, this includes anything that is not part of the standard practical method.

One of the most important goals of successful risk management systems is to focus on active risk management. Active risk management is defined by the preventive nature of the process.

Active risk management is not just about reducing known risks; Rather, it is a forward-looking process that seeks to apply a quality management framework to reduce known and unknown risks, and ensures that as much effort as possible is made to avoid any kind of risk.

Risk management is a reaction to the unknown. Businesses that do not involve active risk management will be lost in a constant battle with risks for which they are not yet sufficiently prepared. Active risk management is essential for any successful risk management program.

Organizational risk management

Organizational risk management is a type of risk management that differs in several important principles. In practice many ideas are similar; The main difference lies in the focus of ERM and how risk affects business goals and result s. This is similar to the ISO 31000 standard approach to risk management guidelines.

Traditional risk management pays less attention to high-level ideas such as business goals and outcomes, and simply prioritizes risk quantification and severity by searching for calculated numerical values to identify risk, quantity, and ranking, respectively.

This quote summarizes the main ideas of organizational risk management:

"The culture, capabilities, and practices, by setting strategies and practices, that organizations rely on to create, maintain, and achieve value for risk management."

Misconceptions about risk management

Despite the proliferation of risk management in business process management approaches, there is a tendency to view Risk Management as focusing on the negative outcome or potential of a business.

In fact, this is not the case: risk management is a practice that depends on both the ability to recognize and make the most of positive outcomes, and the opportunity created by the risk.

It is true that risk has a negative effect in a sense, but the purpose of risk management is to identify opportunities in such circumstances to invest in hidden or less obvious potential. This may mean choosing less risk, or understanding that sometimes risk is necessary to achieve better performance.

In accordance with the principles of continuous improvement and improvement, risk management is an ongoing process that does not simply stop and begins with a SWOT analysis or several board meetings. Risk management is a framework that seeks to continuously monitor, refine and optimize the business and its processes. When it comes to risk management, there is always room for improvement.

Risk management standards

There are a number of Risk Management standards designed to integrate best practices and help simplify and improve risk management implementations for businesses. Another factor that leads to the standardization of risk management frameworks is the increased scrutiny that organizations must face with respect to their risk management systems.

Risk management systems are often required to withstand rigorous internal audits and evaluations to demonstrate effectiveness in implementing and complying with company objectives. The risk management standards defined by ISO 31000 are an example of a leading international standardization approach in the risk management approach.

ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. Section 31000 refers to a standard set for risk management. In addition to the term umbrella being used for a set of different standards, ISO 31000 also refers to a single standard, specifically known as ISO 31000: 2018.

This standard defines a set of guidelines for risk management, designed by organizations of all sizes to work in any field to implement effective risk management systems. Unlike many other ISO standards, such as 9001 for quality management or 14001 for environmental management, ISO 31000 is a set of guidelines. This means that you can not obtain ISO 31000 certification in the same way as you would for other standards with specific requirements.

Nevertheless, ISO 31000 is a leading framework for organizations looking to start risk management. Risk management can be expressed in these steps:

1- Risk management goals

2- Identifying the risk

3- Risk assessment

4- Risk response

5- Risk monitoring

1- Setting and drawing risk management goals

Risk management begins with setting clear goals and making sure they are in line with business strategies. After all, what is risk management if it fails to help your business achieve its goals?

Focusing on risk management alone will not help you achieve your business goals. Instead, the result s of a well-implemented risk management system will be valuable in helping you understand how to achieve result s beyond your exist ing business goals.

Risk management can help businesses align their goals with a well-defined mission statement, forward-looking vision, and core company values and cultures.

2- Identifying and documenting risks

Risk is anything that can stop your business from achieving its goals. This includes larger, more high-risk concerns, and even seemingly insignificant risks at the level of individual processes or projects. In any case, all risks must be clearly and accurately identified and recorded.

3- Evaluation of documented risks

After recording the risks, they should be evaluated to determine the severity and priority. This is done to understand the impact of risk on business objectives as well as when the risks are most likely to occur.

It is difficult or impossible to predict some risks, such as natural disasters or political unrest. But that does not change the fact that risk assessment should always be done by all parts of an organization in the best possible way. Risk assessment is also important to ensure that the risks recorded are actually valid. This is a time when scrutiny can be done and qualitative analysis and forecasting methods can be used to better understand more serious risks.

For example, in the risk assessment phase, a matrix may be used to prioritize important items. The purpose of risk analysis is to help senior management understand what they need to focus on the most.

4- Response to risk

This stage, also known as risk management, focuses on responding to the highest priority risks. The main approaches to risk response are:

avoid
Accept (or retain)
Reduce or reduce transfer (or sharing)

It is the manager's job to decide which risks have the highest priority and to determine an appropriate risk response strategy. According to the overall Risk Management approach, risk response strategies should be considered in terms of the impact of risk on business objectives as well as the overall costs and benefits of each proposed strategy.

5- Risk monitoring

The last step reflects the nature of the Risk Management cycle, because like continuous improvement, risk monitoring is an ongoing process that never really ends. The content of organizations and their risks is constantly changing, so it makes sense that risks need to be constantly monitored to ensure that everything is under control, and the organization can ensure that the importance of each risk is properly understood. Has been.

Avoid risk

This strategy focuses on careful planning to eliminate specific (or at least as much as possible) potential potential risks from business operations. This approach assumes that an perceived event or risk factor can be excluded from business strategies to avoid the consequences of that outcome.

Risk reduction

When a risk factor cannot be completely eliminated, the company may try to reduce the impact of that risk by tricking and modifying certain aspects of the operation. The difference between reducing risk and preventing it is that risk reduction accepts that risk cannot be completely avoided.

Risk sharing

Risk sharing involves sharing the harm of a perceived risk, whether between different parts of an organization, different participants in a project, or even external stakeholders such as business partners or investors.

Risk protection

Risk retention is a decision that is actually a risk from a business perspective, worth the damage. This means that the organization must develop adequate plans to deal with the potential for risk damage.

A simple way to analyze risk from a business perspective is to imagine a situation in which the company's expected profit is greater than the amount of risk loss. In this case, it makes sense to know why a business might accept and maintain a degree of risk. So what makes risk management so attractive? Why are so many people interested in using risk management in their businesses?

What are the benefits of Risk Management for business?

Risk management can increase productivity

No matter what industry you work in or what goods or services you sell, you can always determine your productivity to some degree. Productivity is always tied to trends. Risk Management lets you look at your process and find ways to improve the way you do things.

Not only will this help you optimize for higher productivity, it will also mean that your work environment will be safer because you have reduced risk.

Risk management reduces your costs

Risk management strategies are not just about finding a new policy. A well-run risk management system should actually save money because you will logically incur less losses. This means lower operating costs and ultimately more profit. Everyone at all levels of the organization benefits from the forward-looking and opportunistic perspectives offered by risk management systems.

Successful implementation of a risk management system will bring benefits such as the following:

Helping everyone in the organization understand and prepare for risk
Help advance clear goals and align with business strategy at a higher level
Strengthen more informed decision making
Cultivate a culture of continuous improvement
Improve trust between the organization and its stakeholders
Encourage innovation and positive change in the organization
Improve the success rate in the organization

How to automate risk management

The positive effect of the Risk Management system is enhanced when combined with automation. The benefits of automation are immediately apparent when you consider that each risk management framework is essentially a series of repetitive tasks (because risk management is an iterative process).

With automation, you can save time and money by eliminating tedious manual labor. After all, you are actually reducing the risk of errors in the risk management process, because less manual labor means less room for human error.

How to create and implement a risk management program

The risk management program describes how to manage risk. Elements such as the organization's risk approach, the roles and responsibilities of risk management teams, the resources they use to manage risk, and the definition of policies and procedures.

The seven-step ISO 31000 process is a handy guide that you can follow. Here is a summary of its components:

Communication and Consulting: Because increasing risk awareness is an essential part of Risk Management, risk managers should establish a communication program to convey the organization's risk policies and procedures to employees and stakeholders. This step sets the tone for risk decisions at each level. The audience includes anyone who is interested in the organization using positive risks and minimizing negative risks.

Background: This step requires the definition of risk-taking and unique risk tolerance of the organization - that is, the amount of risk can be different from the risk-taking. Factors to consider here include business goals, company culture, regulatory rules, political environment, and more.

Risk Identification: This step defines risk scenarios that can have a positive or negative impact on the organization's ability to trade. As mentioned above, the result ing list should be kept in a register or risk report and kept up to date.

Risk Analysis: The probability and impact of each risk is analyzed to help sort out the risks. Preparing a thermal risk map can be helpful here, as it provides a visual representation of the nature and impact of company risks. For example, an employee's absence due to illness is a likely event that has little or no effect on most companies. Earthquakes, depending on the location, are an example of unlikely high-impact risk.

Risk Assessment: This is where organizations determine how to respond to the risks they face. Techniques include one or more of the following:

Risk avoidance: The organization seeks to eliminate, withdraw or not intervene in potential risk.
Risk reduction: The organization takes steps to limit or optimize risk.
Risk Sharing or Transfer: The organization enters into a contract with a third party (for example, an insurer) to bear all or some of the risk costs that may occur.
Risk acceptance: Risk is in the range of risk-taking and tolerance of the organization and is accepted without action.

Risk Management: This step involves applying agreed-upon controls and processes and verifying their performance as planned.

Monitoring: Do the controls work as intended? Can they be improved? Monitoring activities should measure key performance indicators (KPIs) and look for key risk indicators (KRIs) that may change strategy.

Define business processes and controls - Define business processes and controls

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 06:29:38 GMT

Define business processes and controls

Life cycle of business processes

Business process management happens in one cycle. This cycle consists of phases that are related:

Process identification:

At this stage, the business problem is raised and the processes related to the problem are identified and the boundaries of the process and their relationship to each other are identified. The output of process identification is a new or updated process architecture that outlines the processes in the organization and their relationship to each other. In some cases, process identification is done in parallel with the determination of performance indicators. In this book, we will link the identification of performance indicators with the process analysis process. The adopted performance index is often used for process analysis.

Process discovery (also called as-is process modeling:

The current state of each of the related processes is documented and usually takes the form of one or more as-is process models. BPMN is the most complete process modeling standard in the world and almost all good organizations in the world model their processes with BPMN standard. Also, most good BPMS in the world have chosen the BPMN standard as their process modeling tool.

Process analysis:

At this stage, issues related to the status quo process are identified and documented and measured at any time using a performance indicator. The output of this step is a structured set of problems. These issues are usually prioritized in terms of their impact, and sometimes in terms of the effort required to address them.

Process redesign:

The purpose of this step is to identify changes in the process to help solve problems identified in previous phases and help the organization achieve its performance goals. For this purpose, multiple change options are analyzed and compared using select ed performance indicators. This means that process redesign and analysis are closely related: if new options for proposed changes have already been analyzed using process analysis techniques. Finally, the most promising change options that are combined lead to process redesign. Usually the output of this step is the to-be process model, which is used as a basis for the next phase.

Process implementation:

At this point, the changes needed to move from the as-is process to the to-be process must be prepared and implemented. Process implementation considers two aspects: managing organizational change and process mechanization. Organizational change management refers to the set of activities needed to change the way process managers work. Process mechanization, on the other hand, refers to the development and deployment of information technology systems (or advanced versions of exist ing IT systems) that support to-be processes. The best tool for implementing business processes is to use BPMS software. There are many BPMS software in the world, and this diversity causes businesses to make mistakes in choosing the right tool. In order to choose the right BPMS software, there are a number of criteria and indicators that you can study the evaluation indicators of BPMS software in the school of process management.

Process monitoring and control:

When the redesigned process is running, related data is collected and analyzed according to performance indicators and performance goals to determine performance. Bottlenecks, repeated errors or deviations from the desired behavior are identified and corrective actions are taken. New problems may arise in the same process or in other processes that require cycle repetition.

Benefits of managing business processes

Business process management provides other capabilities in addition to workflow automation. These capabilities allow organizations to control more processes. Here are some benefits of using BPM:

Process Documentation and Definition: Standards such as BPMN allow process documentation.
Process exec ution Automation: With BPM, all rules and business areas of the organization will be automated.
Identify opportunities and improve processes: BPM also provides metrics to measure process costs and exec ution time, in which case optimization will be based on actual result s.
Eliminate unnecessary activities: In BPM, with the help of process modeling, organizations can have the opportunity to eliminate unnecessary tasks.
Performance control of running processes: BPM with monitoring tools makes it possible to monitor the status of processes. As a result , this control stabilizes and adapts processes to achieve greater quality and optimizes them for greater efficiency. Have.
Customer-partner collaboration in business processes: BPM enables customer-partner collaboration from outside the organization; and for processes outside the organization. It will be very practical.
Reducing required resources: Business processes require a lot of people and resources to run. BPM can reduce the number of resources required for a process
Increase coordination: BPM improves coordination between different parts of a company geographically.
Increase process exec ution speed: BPM improves business speed by reducing process exec ution time and the possibility of running them in parallel.
Increase customer satisfaction: By reducing exec ution time and ensuring their accuracy, it makes customers meet their needs faster and easier.
Organizational agility: BPM allows organizations to easily make changes to processes if conditions change. In this way, it helps maintain the organization's position in a competitive market.

Business process management standards

Business process management standards are introduced for process development, but they all have specific limit ations. The latest version used is BPMN 2.0. This standard supports the design and features of the programming language that was lost in previous standards. When a business analyst designs a business process, it is difficult for developers to add some technical details to it, but BPMN 2.0 makes it easy for them. Understandable for people who are not familiar with the signs in the past has led to its high user-friendliness, so that in organizational architecture software and process modeling with the development and updating of these signs and concepts have been expanded and generalized, the most complete of which in software Visualparadgim can be viewed and used.

Tax returns filing - Tax returns filing

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 05:11:19 GMT

Tax returns filing

What is a tax return?

The tax return, whether self- declare d or provided to the taxpayer by the tax administration itself, is a financial record that every year, taxable individuals and legal entities submit to the tax authority for the purpose of calculating their tax, and now, with Electronic self-declaration, processes are performed under a centralized system.

Other financial reporting - Other financial reporting

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 04:26:37 GMT

Other financial reporting

Accounting is one of the sciences that has served human society since ancient times. This knowledge always deals with information that plays an important role in the productivity of human life. Knowing the basic concepts of accounting and applying it will certainly play a special role in economic goals.

As a result , in the rest of this article, you will learn how to prepare financial reports, which is one of the most important activities in accounting. In fact, accounting can be considered as the science of expressing calculations in the language of accounting and preparing financial reports. Certainly, the importance of financial reporting can be understood from this point.

The general purpose of this article is for those interested in accounting to become familiar with the principles of accounting and how to prepare financial reports and implement it in their small institutions.

What is a financial report?

It is the responsibility of the financial statements of any accounting firm or institution. These reports, which are prepared periodically, contain very important information that is very important for the financial future of the company.

It is clear that financial statements should include assets, liabilities, income, expenses, equity, cash flow in the company, etc. over a period of time. Financial reports have three types of time periods; First quarter financial statements, semi-annual financial statements and one-year financial statements.

As mentioned at the beginning of the article, preparing financial statements is one of the most important tasks of an accountant; Because he must use these reports to make the company's financial information easy for the public to understand.

Financial reports prepared in each institution must be recorded in the legal offices; For this reason, one of the most important documents of any company is the financial reports of that company and great care must be taken in its preparation.

Concepts to be mentioned in financial statements?

assets

All economic resources that are used to carry out economic activities are called assets. Resources that are created and identified as a result of transactions and financial activities and have the potential to be convert ed into money are called assets.

debts

To the commitments made to the institution; In the case of cash or receipt of goods and services, non-cash, the cost of which must be borne by payment and transfer of assets, is called debt.

Shareholders' rights

Shareholders' rights are the rights of the people who have invested in the collection. Their salaries will be derived from the sum of assets and liabilities.

The total revenue of the collection

The financial benefits that will result from the sale or service of an economic complex are called income. The important thing about a collection's income is that the investors' income is not part of a collection's assets.

The amount brought by shareholders

In some cases, shareholders make a profit due to long-term investment in a group. The amount of return that shareholders make from this investment is what investors say.

Shareholder output

Sometimes the company suffers losses due to debt repayment or some other reason. This loss will eventually lead to a reduction in shareholder capital; This process is called investor output.

Benefits of preparing periodic financial statements

Determining the stock value of a company

An important issue that arises as a result of preparing financial reports from accounting software is to determine the value of each share of the company. This means that the financial situation of the company for its shareholders will be determined by financial reports.

Those who are unfamiliar with accounting and its principles but are active in the stock market are well aware of the benefits of financial reporting.

Facilitate statutory audits

The most important application of financial statements is that these reports are submitted to legal authorities. The facilitation of statutory audits and the tax debate of organizations is the result of these reports. For this reason, the need for financial reporting to pay taxes is not hidden.

Provide a financial plan for detailed planning

Financial reports are very important for the planning of institutions because they determine the amount of debt and credit of the collection; In fact, without financial statements, planning for the future of the collection is very difficult and largely impossible because it is through the preparation of financial reports that the managers of a collection can change the financial and monetary policies of the collection and make better decisions.

Smoothing the way for a collection to progress

Another important benefit of financial reporting is that it will help an organization identify its strengths and weaknesses. This flow is essential for the development of a set. The preparation of these reports will definitely help the collection to be ready to attract investors.

High importance of financial reports for auctions

In addition to the importance of publishing financial statements for micro-shareholders and managers to evaluate the financial performance of a collection, financial reporting is very important for holding a company's tenders and auctions.

Types of financial reports

Balance sheet

A set of financial statements is a balance sheet that lists the assets, liabilities and equity of a group. The balance sheet is also called a financial statement. In general, the financial position is adjusted in such a way that the assets of the group are equal to the amount of debt and shareholders' salaries.

Balance sheets are called financial statements because the balance sheet contains accurate information about the amount of debt and assets of a collection.

The general view of the balance sheet is that the assets of the collection will be mentioned on the right side of the balance sheet; Also on the left side of the balance sheet will be the amount of debts. Finally, at the end of a balance sheet, the amount of shareholders' salaries will be mentioned.

Comprehensive profit and loss statement

Another financial statement that is required for a collection is a comprehensive income statement. Based on this financial statement, the exact amount of income and expenses during a financial period will be determined.

The comprehensive income statement is a set of operating income and expenses, not non-operating expenses. As a result , the preparation of this financial statement is done when no interest has been deposited in the account of the shareholders. Compiling a comprehensive income statement is useful when a collection needs to be modified.

Profit and Loss Statement

In addition to the balance sheet, another important type of financial statement is called the income statement. The reason for compiling this financial report is because it will determine the profitability or loss of a collection.

This balance sheet is very important for companies in the capital market; Because based on observing the same balance sheet and examining its profitability or loss, investors will invest in a set.

These reports will usually be submitted at the end of the fiscal year and are not mandatory; But if the collection has been offered in the stock market, its presentation will be mandatory. In the profit and loss reports, the company's sales, assets, current expenses and the like will be mentioned.

It is based on these financial reports that analysts will predict the profitability of a group, and as a result of this analysis, many people will buy or sell shares of a company. In the financial statement of profit and loss, items such as income, expenses and the amount of profit of a collection will be mentioned.

Cash flow statement

Cash flow statement is one of the most important financial statements that shows the amount of cash flow of a collection over a period of one year. The basis for preparing this financial statement is the information that is mentioned in the financial statement of profit and loss.

The activities and resources through which cash is generated for a collection are of great importance to a collection; So like the heart to man, finding these resources is important and necessary for a collection. Finally, this financial statement shows the sources through which cash is generated and the sources through which cash is lost.

To accurately compile this financial statement, in addition to using a professional accountant, you must also use useful software in this area. Examining the financial statements of a collection is very important for the creditors of a collection because they can see how well a collection is able to pay the repayments based on the cash flow statement.

Finally, this financial statement shows the flexibility of a collection and the strength of a collection to repay loans.

Financial statement preparation - Financial statement preparation

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 04:20:35 GMT

Financial statement preparation

How to prepare accounting financial statements

Introduction

An organization's financial statements provide a summary and classification of the financial information, assets and liabilities of an economic organization. The purpose of forming an organization is profitability, financing and investment activities. In this article, we prepare the business unit's income and expenses by preparing financial statements. Financial statements are defined as balance sheets, profit and loss statements, cash flow statements, comprehensive income statements for a period of time. In the following, each of the financial statements is explained separately and the required modules of each are specified. Accounting software accompanies managers and accountants by creating a suitable template in order to prepare the most accurate and fast financial statement in accordance with the accounting standard. In accounting software, the information required for financial statements is obtained from the registration information in different parts of the software and reduces possible errors to some extent and allows the preparation of financial statements between the period and the end of the period.

1- Balance sheet

Balance sheet that classifies the amount of debt, capital and assets of a company in financial periods as defined as the balance sheet or financial statement. Balance sheet as one of the financial statements shows the financial structure, the amount of liquidity of the organization and its flexibility.

1-1 Property

Assets are divided into current and long-term. This classification is based on the power of liquidity. For example, accounts receivable, securities, cash and banks (are inherently liquid) and .. are current assets. Long-term assets are those assets that include machinery, production, etc. that do not have the speed of liquidity but are productive. This type of asset is also called fixed assets, which include depreciation. (Except land, which is a fixed asset but has no depreciation.) In the balance sheet, assets are listed based on their liquidity.

1-2 debt

Debts, like assets, are divided into current and long-term debts. Debts are the company's liabilities to its creditors. Long-term debt is the same as loans and arrears, and current liabilities include accounts payable and income tax, and so on.

1-3 equity

Equity is basically the main interest of the owners and shareholders of the company from economic resources. That includes bringing in shareholders and creating debt.

2- Profit and loss statement

The result of the money that is earned or spent from the activities of an economic organization in a financial period shows the profit and loss statement modules. In this financial case, the income and expenses of a financial period should be determined and a report in which first the income and expenses are recorded and then deducted, and at the end, the profit or loss of the organization is determined.

2-1 Revenues

Revenues in this report include operating and non-operating revenues, which are called operating revenues, as a result of the company's activities. Non-operating income is not earned as a result of the company's activities, such as land purchased for the company and the after-sales income is non-operating income.

2-2 Costs

They are classified into operating and non-operating costs and the cost of goods for companies that have the product. Cost costs include costs that are used to produce the product, raw materials, production costs and overhead costs. Operating cost refers to all costs incurred in sales, marketing, administration and finance. Costs that are not in the form of cost and operating costs are called non-operating costs, which are not related to the company's activities and are not permanent.

Financial period expenses - Financial period income = special profit

In preparing the profit and loss of a company, it is necessary to bring operating income and then operating expenses, and the result of its difference is deducted from the difference between non-operating income and operating expenses, which is profit before tax and deducted from tax. This amount of special profit and loss is obtained.

3- Cash flow statement

The cash flow statement is a complete reflection of the money exchange activities between the company and other organizations. The financial statement, which is referred to as the cash flow statement, fully shows the reasons for the failure of a company's financial obligations and an overview of where and how capital enters the organization and in what areas it is spent. Displays.

In order to prepare a cash flow statement, it is necessary to differentiate the money spent from the money received in terms of investment and operational activities.

4- Comprehensive profit and loss statement

The comprehensive income statement is an increase or decrease in the accumulated profit result ing from the company's activities. In other words, the comprehensive income statement All income and expenses are recognized in a financial period that can be presented to the owners of capital and to Includes the separation of their constituent elements. In some cases where revenues and expenses are not reflected, they should be credited to the accounts of the owners of the capital according to the accounting standard. In order to use and make accurate decisions of shareholders according to the financial statements, it is necessary to identify all profit and loss statements of the organization, one of which is called comprehensive profit and loss. In the case of comprehensive income, the amount of increase or decrease in equity is reflected in terms of income and expenses. In principle, the profit and loss statement for the period is one of the modules of the comprehensive income statement. and the rest of its modules are listed separately.

Financial Statement Analysis

Fundamental analysis of financial statements is very important. All shareholders of the organization need reports on the profitability of the organization. These reports are valuable when evaluated together. One of the most important evaluations is the relative evaluation that determines the ratio of profit, cost, production, etc., the ratio of past years and financial periods, and also the ratio of performance to competing companies or similar industries. Although the use of ratios alone is not an evaluation module for decision making, it is by nature an important complement to providing appropriate solutions for the organization.

In addition to balance sheets and profit and loss information, financial statements include appendices that include the company's policy, depreciation calculation method, leased assets, etc., and the biggest limit ation that these statements create for organizations is being ignored. It is the rate of inflation and is based on historical cost, so explanatory notes are the exception to the lineup of these statements. Financial statements generally contain widely used and important information that observes the status of debts and assets of the company and the proportion of income and expenses of the organization, is determined. However, the main purpose of receiving such financial statements is to predict the future status of the company and the decision to invest and increase credit or in some cases to find the cause of the company's unprofitability.

Inventory management - Inventory management

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 03:51:55 GMT

Inventory management

Inventory management

Controlling and managing the inventory of goods and raw materials in the warehouse is a constant concern of managers; Because the warehouse as an intermediary in various sectors such as procurement, production and sales plays an effective role in the continuation of the activity and dynamism of institutions and on the other hand a large part of the assets of the institution (inventory of goods and products) is stored in it. Therefore, controlling the inventory of goods and warehouses accurately and timely, as well as its relationship with other systems, is extremely important for managers, and the warehousing system has provided this possibility well.

warehouse system, in addition to recording all activities performed at the level of the organization's warehouses, has a complete relationship with other systems such as production, sales and procurement. The use of this system creates a clear picture of the flow of factory materials for managers and warehousemen, which will facilitate the work and reduce costs due to planning and inventory control.

warehouse module is used for warehousing operations. These operations include registration and control of inventory by receipt, remittance and departure forms, transfer of goods between warehouses and other warehousing operations including warehousing, product allocation, cardex reconstruction, and finalization of documents, as well as registration and control of goods request.

Bank reconciliations - Bank reconciliations

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 03:45:23 GMT

Bank reconciliations

daily, weekly, or monthly data entry from clients’ bank accounts to their accounting software, including reconciliation of all cleared transactions, open deposits, and open checks

Accounts payable/receivable - Accounts payable/receivable

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 03:25:08 GMT

Accounts payable/receivable

What are accounts receivable and payable in accounting?

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are receivables from others for which no checks or promissory notes have been received. and this demand can be from other individuals or companies. It is created by selling goods / services, repaying loans, and so on.

In other words, these types of accounts are our current assets, which are supposed to be convert ed into liquidity in the short term. That is, the customer has received the goods / services but has not yet paid for them. But he will pay the debt soon.

Receivable documents

Our receivables are from others in return for which a check or promissory note has been received.

The nature of accounts receivable and accounts receivable

Since accounts receivable and accounts receivable are part of the assets and the assets are indebted in nature, the nature of these accounts is indebted.

The difference between accounts receivable and documents receivable

Receivable documents are documents that are recorded and can be tracked. Like checks, promissory notes

The account receivable is in the form of a commitment or is verbal and documented to an invoice.

Trade Accounts Receivable

If the receivables arise through the main and permanent activity of the business unit such as the sale of goods / services. Falls into this category.

Non-commercial accounts receivable

If the receivables are through factors other than the main activity of the business unit, such as: payment of loans to individuals, it falls into this category.

Accounts payable:

A payable account is created when the company has purchased goods or services on credit from suppliers . This account must be paid within a fiscal year or in an operating cycle (longer). This type of account is one of the most common forms of current debt on the balance sheet.

Merchant Accounts Payable

Short-term liabilities arise only from the purchase of goods / services on credit.

Payable documents

These are short-term liabilities that are documented in business documents such as checks and promissory notes that indicate payment on a certain date.

Payroll processing - Payroll processing

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 03:20:19 GMT

Payroll processing

Those who are studying in the field of finance and learn accounting information, one of the types of expenses that they are familiar with is the salary fee, and consequently the method of accounting and recording this fee in the offices of newspapers and general They will learn, but it should be noted that the discussion of costs and salaries has a lot of content that any accountant or person working in the salary of an organization or institution will need to have specialized knowledge in this field. In summary, we can identify salary control systems, structure of insurance and tax laws and other legal matters such as overtime and missions and preparation of documents for registration of payroll lists and other issues that we will become more familiar with in the following.

You know that labor costs account for a large part of the cost of producing goods and services of an institution or an economic unit, and in fact will have a significant impact on the profits of business units, of course, the importance of salaries in different units. It varies, but is usually the cost of wages from the income of economic and commercial units, so it is very clear that those who study in the field of finance should have comprehensive and comprehensive information in this area.

What are the components and elements of the payroll system?

The components and elements of a payroll system in general, regardless of whether the system is designed for a commercial, service or manufacturing institution, are as follows.

1- Recruitment circle

2- Personnel entry and exit registration circle

3- Payroll accounting department

In order to examine the above-mentioned components and elements, we will introduce them in general and further discuss them in detail and analyze the details of their tasks.

What is the function of the recruitment circle?

The recruitment unit in each institution is responsible for preparing and compiling instructions and regulations for the employment of personnel, observing and considering labor and social affairs laws and other laws, and on the other hand, other duties related to or training personnel, how to use Is responsible for leave and job de script ion, transfer of staff to other departments of the institution and similar cases.

What is the function of the personnel entry and exit circle?

The task of this department is to collect information related to the time of personnel work and in fact the presence and absence of each employee in the units and units, which is done in special ways and methods.

What is the role of the payroll accounting department?

This department is responsible for preparing and compiling the salary list and determining the gross and net amount of salary payable to each of the personnel. In fact, the professor and the salary documents of each of the personnel and employees are kept in this department. Note that the issue of payroll accounting is discussed in this section.

Payroll accounting:

Automation is used in payroll accounting due to the density and continuity of information, how information is processed and the importance of its speed and accuracy.

Information such as hourly or daily salary rates that may not change for a long time, as well as programs such as how to calculate tax deductions and Social security Fund premiums whose rules are fixed throughout the year, are best stored in computer memory.

Using this information, calculations such as gross wages, deductions, determination of net wages and updating the history of each employee and worker can be done electronically.

System importance:

Since the related external salary is a large part of the costs of any institution, it is necessary in this system to make the necessary predictions to ensure the correct payment of salaries and wages.

On the other hand, payroll accounting should be designed to quickly gather the necessary information, calculate the necessary deductions and calculate the net amount payable to each employee, and take appropriate measures to prevent the payment of fraudulent and other types of abuse. Provide.

In order to comply with the law, the employer is obliged to send the necessary information about the employees and the amount of their salaries and benefits to the competent authorities.

In Iran, according to the law on income tax, the employer is obliged to send the names of employees and their details to the tax areas where they are sent and to pay the taxes belonging to the employees to a special account.

In addition, according to social security laws, it is necessary for the names of employees and the amount of their salaries to be paid to special accounts in special accounts every month to the social security offices of the place of submission and the employee and employer's share premiums.

It should be noted that payroll accounting includes only the employees of the business unit and does not include the people who provide services in the business unit as contractors and employees.

Amounts paid to this group of employees are considered as remuneration or other titles and are not part of the salary of the institution.

Employee salaries and benefits

What is paid on a monthly basis for the work done by administrative staff, managers or similar service providers is called "salary" and the payment to workers (simple or skilled) is called wages, which are based on hours, days, months and or the amount of production is determined.

Usually, in addition to fixed salaries, other benefits such as bonuses, bonuses, unit profits, etc. are paid to employees.

These benefits are paid continuously and intermittently. The above benefits may be paid to employees in cash or in kind.

Profit and pay rates are usually determined by agreement between the employee and the employer. This rate is related to normal Wu legal hours.

If a worker works overtime for a period of time after the end of the legal working hours of the day, or is working in the business unit during the holidays, he will be entitled to a salary in addition to the normal salary. The times are determined by law.

Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping

takpay-accounting — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 03:15:58 GMT

Bookkeeping

What is accounting?
What is accounting? It is the recording of financial transactions with storage, sorting, retrieval, summarization and presentation of result s in various reports and analyzes. Accounting is also a field of study and a profession for which tasks are assigned.

Fortunately, with the right people, tools and resources, accounting is no longer a difficult and time consuming task, and you can just watch with ease as the accountant organizes all your finances like a wizard.

What is the definition of accounting?
Accounting is how you record, organize and understand your business financial information.

You can think of accounting as a large machine in which to put raw financial information. This information can include records of all business transactions, taxes, forecasts, and so on. It then publishes an understandable story about the financial condition of your business.

Accounting tells you whether you make a profit or not, what your cash balance is, what the current value of your company's assets and liabilities is, and what part of your business really generates revenue.

What is the history of accounting?
The history of accounting can be traced back thousands of years to the cradle of Mesopotamian civilization and is said to have developed alongside writing, counting and money. The early Egyptians and Babylonians established auditing systems, while the Romans collected accurate financial information.

Some of the first accountants were employed in Iran around 300 BC, where accounting signs and books were discovered. Around the first millennium, the Phoenicians invented an alphabetic system of accounting, while the ancient Egyptians may have even assigned a controlling role to someone.

But the father of modern accounting is the Italian Luca Pacioli, who in 1494 first described the two-pronged accounting system used by Venetian merchants in Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. While not an inventor of accounting, Pacioli was the first to describe the debt and credit system in magazines and booklets, which is still the basis of modern accounting systems.

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in 1760, there was an increase in companies and the need for more advanced accounting systems. Corporate development also created larger groups of investors and more complex ownership structures, all of which required accounting systems to be more adaptable.

What is an accounting job?
Accountants prepare financial records. While keeping records, they ensure that transactions and financial transactions comply with applicable laws and regulations. Accountants also calculate taxes and verify that the client, company or organization pays them on time.

Within companies, accountants work with managers and often advise on how to minimize costs, increase revenue, and increase profits. They may also supervise staff and accounting staff.

To become an accountant, people need at least a bachelor's degree. Many accountants in Iran first take accounting courses in private schools and then master an accounting software and start their work.

Accounting labor market
The number of unemployed accounting graduates is lower than other fields. An accountant's job opportunities are much greater than other disciplines because they range from the most beginner to the most professional level. Accounting in public, free and non-profit universities has the highest number of entrants and the lowest number of unemployed graduates. Graduates of this field can work as accountants in all institutions and business units, whether public or private, in the following branches:

Financial Accounting :
Financial accounting or reporting accounting is the process of preparing financial statements that companies use to show their performance and financial position to people outside the company, including investors, creditors, suppliers and customers.

This is one of the most important differences with management accounting, which, in turn, includes the preparation of accurate reports and forecasts for managers within the company. Financial accountants can work in all companies and commercial and non-profit institutions.

Industrial Accounting :
Industrial accounting is one of the most important tools in management and its knowledge can be a great help to the heart of an industrial unit. For example, determining the actual cost of a ranch is a big step in managing the system.

Industrial accounting is a very important tool that managers can use to calculate the actual cost of products and exercise control over material costs, labor costs and other production costs. All industrial accounting specialists can work in industrial units and manufacturing companies.

Governmental Accounting :
Public accounting is a unique set of accounting systems, standards and processes that meet the needs of government.

Governments are fundamentally different from for-profit corporations in several important ways. Organizational goals, revenue-generating processes, stakeholders, budget commitments, and desire for longevity vary. These differences require separate accounting and financial reporting standards to provide information to meet the needs of stakeholders to assess government accountability and make political, social, and economic decisions.

Governments have different operating environments that offer their own unique considerations. For example, governments collect and spend tax dollars on transactions known as non-exchange transactions with citizens, instead of earning and receiving funds received from customers or clients as a for-profit company. This structure places much more emphasis on public accountability. As the name of this category shows, most of the labor market of specialists in this sector in government organizations and departments is as an accountant or in the legal process as an accountant or accountant.

tax accounting :
Tax accounting is an accounting tool for tax purposes. This applies to everyone, including individuals, businesses, companies and other entities. Even those who are tax-exempt must participate in tax accounting. The purpose of tax accounting is to be able to track funds (cash inflows as well as outflows) related to individuals and entities. Most of the job market in this field is in financial departments and auditing companies.

Insurance accounting: in insurance institutions and organizations and auditing companies

Bank Accounting: In branches and bank supervision

Accountant salaries
The salary of an accountant is determined according to the sector in which he works. For example, the income of public accountants is determined and calculated according to the Civil Service Management Law, but accountants in the private sector have different amounts of income, such as education. Work experience, experience, familiarity with related software also affect it.

Accounting service companies and independent accountants also have different incomes depending on the amount of customers, the amount of activity and the quality of their services.

Duties of the accountant

Although an accountant's day-to-day duties vary depending on the situation and the organization, some of the most common duties and responsibilities of accountants are:
Ensuring the accuracy of financial documents as well as their compliance with relevant laws and regulations
Preparation and maintenance of important financial reports
Prepare a tax return and ensure the correct and timely payment of taxes
Evaluate financial operations to recommend best practices, identify issues and strategies for solutions, and assist organizations to implement efficiently.
Provide tips on reducing costs, increasing revenue, and maximizing profits
Perform forecast assessments and risk analysis
Record employees' information and calculate their monthly salaries and pay them
In addition, accountants are required to act legally honestly and to avoid negligence in their performance. In this way, they are also responsible for ensuring that their customers' financial records comply with relevant laws and regulations.